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raised from foreign institutional investors. Two of the largest offerings were the US$

1.82 billion raised to finance the development of the Tamar and Leviathan natural gas

reservoirs (where we represented the issuer), and an US$ 819 million raised by ICL

(where we represented the underwriters).

Listing of Participation Units in Partnerships

Investors in these participation units also enjoy certain tax benefits. Recently, the

Regulator has been examining the possibility of expanding the permissible operations

for partnerships to also allow oil and gas explorations outside of Israel, under certain

restrictions.

Dual Listing of Securities

In Israel, there is an arrangement for the "dual listing" of securities whereby shares

that are listed for trading on major stock exchanges in the U.S. and London can also, in

parallel, be listed for trading on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. This listing uses disclosure

documents prepared for the U.S. or U.K. stock exchanges, instead of the disclosure

documents required under Israeli securities laws. A condition for the dual listing is

having a minimummarket value of US$ 30million, as well as at least one year's trading, or

alternatively, a minimum market value of US$ 150 million. Currently, 46 dual companies

are being traded in Tel Aviv under the Dual Listing Law. Our firm is advising various dual

listed companies, including, inter alia, Partner and Alon Blue Square Israel.

Regulation

The Israeli capital market has extensive regulation under the Companies Law, the

Partnerships Ordinance and the Securities Law and strict supervision by the Israel

Securities Authority (ISA), as well as other supervisors who oversee the banks and

Bond offerings - by company type

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

2014

First Half Of 2015

Real Estate

Banks

Other

In Israel, it is possible to list participation units in partnerships operating in the

field of film production, as well as in the field of the exploration, development

and production of oil and natural gas in Israel, for trading.

(US$ Billions)

2014

The First Half of 2015

Bonds offerings

15.25

8.67